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Prevalence and Risk Factors of CKD in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Large-Scale Population Study

  1. Author:
    Masimango, Mannix Imani
    Sumaili, Ernest Kiswaya
    Wallemacq, Pierre
    Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge
    Hermans, Michel P
    Fillée, Catherine
    D'Hoore, William
    Winkler,Cheryl
    Limou, Sophie
    Jadoul, Michel

  2. Author Address

    Department of Internal Medicine, H 244;pital Provincial G 233;n 233;ral de R 233;f 233;rence de Bukavu, Universit 233; Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo., Department of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universit 233; Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Department of Nephrology, Universit 233; de Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universit 233; Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Ecole R 233;gionale de Sant 233; Publique, ERSP, Facult 233; de M 233;decine, Universit 233; Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo., Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universit 233; Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Universit 233; catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium., Basic Science Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, USA., Universit 233; de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR1064, Institute for Transplantation in Urology-Nephrology and Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Computer Sciences and Mathematics Department, Nantes, France.,
    1. Year: 2020
    2. Date: Aug
    3. Epub Date: 2020 06 09
  2. Journal: Kidney international reports
    1. 5
    2. 8
    3. Pages: 1251-1260
  4. Type of Article: Article
  5. ISSN: 2468-0249
  1. Abstract:

    Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in African American individuals is high but whether this applies to native populations in sub-Saharan Africa is unclear. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the prevalence and risk factors of CKD in rural and urban adults in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations based on serum creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcys), or both markers (eGFRcr-cys), without ethnic correction factor. CKD was defined as an eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and/or albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio =30 mg/g). Results: A total of 1317 participants aged 41.1 ± 17.1 years (730 rural, 587 urban) were enrolled. The prevalence of hypertension (20.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18-22.3), diabetes mellitus (4.3%; 95% CI, 3.2-5.4) and obesity (8.9%; 95% CI, 7.4-10.5) was higher in urban than rural participants (all P < 0.05). HIV infection prevalence was 0.41% (95% CI, 0.05-0.78). The prevalence of eGFRcr < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was 5.4% (95% CI, 4.2-6.7). The prevalence of albuminuria was 6.6% (95 % CI, 5.1-8.1). The overall prevalence of CKD was 12.2% (95% CI, 10.2-14.2) according to CKD-EPIcr. Factors independently associated with CKD-EPIcr were older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.05 [1.04-1.07]), urban residence (aOR 1.86 [1.18-2.95]), female sex (aOR 1.66 [1.04-2.66]), hypertension (aOR 1.90 [1.15-3.12]), diabetes (aOR 2.03 [1.02-4.06]), and HIV infection (10.21 [2.75-37.85]). The results based on eGFRcys or eGFRcr-cys were largely consistent with the preceding. Conclusion: Overall, the burden of CKD is substantial (>11%), predominantly in the urban area, and largely driven by classic risk factors (gender, aging, HIV, hypertension, and diabetes). Keywords: DR Congo; South Kivu; chronic kidney disease; prevalence; risk factors. © 2020 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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External Sources

  1. View Full Text
  2. DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.05.028
  3. PMID: 32775824
  4. PMCID: PMC7403549
  5. View record in Web of Science®
  6. WOS: 000558177600015
  7. PII : S2468-0249(20)31289-4

Library Notes

  1. Fiscal Year: FY2019-2020
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