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Discovery of Cyanovirin-N, a Novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Inactivating Protein That Binds Viral Surface Envelope Glycoprotein Gp120 - Potential Applications to Microbicide Development

  1. Author:
    Boyd, M. R.
    Gustafson, K. R.
    McMahon, J. B.
    Shoemaker, R. H.
    Okeefe, B. R.
    Mori, T.
    Gulakowski, R. J.
    Wu, L.
    Rivera, M. I.
    Laurencot, C. M.
    Currens, M. J.
    Cardellina, J. H.
    Buckheit, R. W.
    Nara, P. L.
    Pannell, L. K.
    Sowder, R. C.
    Henderson, L. E.

  2. Author Address

    Boyd MR NCI FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR DCTDC DTP LAB DRUG DISCOVERY RES & DEV BLDG 1052 RM 121 FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA NCI DIV BASIC SCI TUMOR CELL BIOL LAB FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR SO RES INST VIROL RES GRP FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA NIDDKD BIOORGAN CHEM LAB BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR SCI APPLICAT INT CORP AIDS VACCINE PROGRAM FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA
    1. Year: 1997
  2. Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    1. 41
    2. 7
    3. Pages: 1521-1530
  4. Type of Article: Article
  1. Abstract:

    We have isolated and sequenced a novel 11-kDa virucidal protein, named cyanovirin-N (CV-N), from cultures of the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Nostoc ellipsosporum. We also have produced CV-N recombinantly by expression of a corresponding DNA sequence in Escherichia coli. Low nanomolar concentrations of either natural or recombinant CV-N irreversibly inactivate diverse laboratory strains and primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 as well as strains of HIV type 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus. In addition, CV-N aborts cell-to-cell fusion and transmission of HIV-1 infection. Continuous, 2-day exposures of uninfected CEM-SS cells or peripheral blood lymphocytes to high concentrations (e.g., 9,000 nM) of CV-N were not lethal to these representative host cell types. The antiviral activity of CV-N is due, at least in part, to unique, high-affinity interactions of CV-N with the viral surface envelope glycoprotein gp120. The biological activity of CV-N is highly resistant to physicochemical denaturation, further enhancing its potential as an anti-HIV microbicide. [References: 81]

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