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Griffithsin and Carrageenan Combination Results in Antiviral Synergy against SARS-CoV-1 and 2 in a Pseudoviral Model

  1. Author:
    Alsaidi, Sahar
    Cornejal, Nadjet
    Mahoney, Oneil
    Melo, Claudia [ORCID]
    Verma, Neeharika
    Bonnaire, Thierry
    Chang, Theresa [ORCID]
    O'Keefe,Barry [ORCID]
    Sailer, James
    Zydowsky, Thomas M
    Teleshova, Natalia
    Romero, José A Fernández [ORCID]

  2. Author Address

    Population Council, New York, NY 10065, USA., Department of Science, Borough of Manhattan Community College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10007, USA., Department of Anthropology, Lehman College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10468, USA., Center for Achievement in Science Education, Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 11210, USA., Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA., Natural Products Branch, Molecular Targets Program, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Center for Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.,
    1. Year: 2021
    2. Date: Aug
    3. Epub Date: 2021 07 26
  2. Journal: Marine drugs
    1. 19
    2. 8
  4. Type of Article: Article
  5. Article Number: 418
  6. ISSN: 1660-3397
  1. Abstract:

    Over 182 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than 4 million deaths have been reported to date around the world. It is essential to identify broad-spectrum antiviral agents that may prevent or treat infections by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) but also by other coronaviruses that may jump the species barrier in the future. We evaluated the antiviral selectivity of griffithsin and sulfated and non-sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 using a cytotoxicity assay and a cell-based pseudoviral model. The half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) were determined for each compound, using a dose-response-inhibition analysis on GraphPad Prism v9.0.2 software (San Diego, CA, USA). The therapeutic index (TI = CC50/EC50) was calculated for each compound. The potential synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect of different compound combinations was determined by CalcuSyn v1 software (Biosoft, Cambridge, UK), which estimated the combination index (CI) values. Iota and lambda carrageenan showed the most potent antiviral activity (EC50 between 3.2 and 7.5 181;g/mL). Carrageenan and griffithsin combinations exhibited synergistic activity (EC50 between 0.2 and 3.8 181;g/mL; combination index <1), including against recent SARS-CoV-2 mutations. The griffithsin and carrageenan combination is a promising candidate to prevent or treat infections by SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.

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External Sources

  1. View Full Text
  2. DOI: 10.3390/md19080418
  3. PMID: 34436255
  4. View record in Web of Science®
  5. WOS: 000690554000001
  6. PII : md19080418

Library Notes

  1. Fiscal Year: FY2020-2021
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