HIV-1 reverse transcriptase interaction with model RNA-DNA duplexes

HIV-I reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) is a multifunctional enzyme responsible for converting viral RNA into preintegrative DNA during the early stages of viral infection. DNA polymerase and RNase H activities are required, and several conformationally distinct primer-templates must be accommodated by the enzyme during the process. Parameters of interaction between model substrates (ligands) and HIV-1 RT (wild type p66/p51 and the RNase H-deficient mutant p66(E478Q)/p51) (analytes) were estimated by surface plasmon resonance at 25 degreesC, pH 8.0, Binding of RT to the ligands is specific and can be analyzed using a conventional 1:1 binding algorithm. RNA-DNA hybrids with 5 ' -template overhangs of 6 and 12 nucleotides bind to RT approximately one order of magnitude stronger than the corresponding 36-mer with blunt ends due to slower dissociation. Immobilization of the latter through either the 5 ' -end of RNA or DNA strand does not change the equilibrium constant (K-D) for wild-type RT but the values of kinetic constants of association and dissociation differ significantly. For the p66(E478Q)/p51 enzyme, orientation effects are notable even altering the K, value. Binding of the p66E478B/p51 to any RNA-DNA hybrids is slightly stronger compared with wild type. Data can be interpreted in terms of the mechanism of reverse transcription. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

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