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The central nervous system as a reservoir for Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV): Steady-state levels of SIV DNA in brain from acute through asymptomatic infection

  1. Author:
    Clements, J. E.
    Babas, T.
    Mankowski, J. L.
    Suryanarayana, K.
    Piatak, M.
    Tarwater, P. M.
    Lifson, J. D.
    Zink, M. C.

  2. Author Address

    Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, 600 N Wolfe St,Jefferson St Bldg 3-127, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA NCI, Sci Applicat Int, Lab Retroviral Pathogenesis, Frederick, MD 21701 USA Clements JE Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, 600 N Wolfe St,Jefferson St Bldg 3-127, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
    1. Year: 2002
  2. Journal: Journal of Infectious Diseases
    1. 186
    2. 7
    3. Pages: 905-913
  4. Type of Article: Article
  1. Abstract:

    Latent reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) present significant challenges for eradicating HIV from infected persons, particularly reservoirs in the brain established during acute infection. A simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model of HIV dementia was used to show that viral DNA levels in the brain remained at constant levels from acute through asymptomatic infection, despite significant down- regulation of viral RNA in the brain after the acute phase of infection. Viral replication in the brain coincided with activation of macrophages and microglia in the central nervous system; down-regulation of viral replication coincided with increased infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes and reduced activation of macrophages and microglia in the brain. Comparison of viral genotypes in the central nervous system and peripheral blood mononuclear cells suggests that recrudescence of viral replication in brain occurs by reactivation of latent viral DNA. Latent virus in the brain must be considered in therapeutic strategies to eliminate HIV from infected persons.

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