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Single haplotype analysis demonstrates rapid evolution of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) loci in primates

  1. Author:
    Sambrook, J. G.
    Bashirova, A.
    Palmer, S.
    Sims, S.
    Trowsdale, J.
    bi-Rached, L.
    Parham, P.
    Carrington, M.
    Beck, S.

  2. Author Address

    Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. NCI, Lab Genome Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. SAIC Frederick Inc, Basic Res Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Pathol, Div Immunol, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Beck, S, Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England
    1. Year: 2005
    2. Date: JAN
  2. Journal: Genome Research
    1. 15
    2. 1
    3. Pages: 25-35
  4. Type of Article: Article
  1. Abstract:

    The human killer immnoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are encoded within the Leukocyte Receptor Complex (LRC) on chromosome 19ql3.4. Here we report the comparative genomic analysis of single KIR haplotypes in two other primates. In the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), seven KIR genes (ptKIRnewI, ptKIRnewII, ptKIR2DL5, ptKIRnewIII, ptKIR3DPI, ptKIR2DL4, ptKIR3DL1/2) have been identified, and five KIR genes (mmKIRnew1, mmKIR1D, mmKIR2DL4, mmKIR3DL10, mmKIR3L1) are present in the haplotype sequenced for the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Additional cDNA analysis confirms the genes predicted from the genomic sequence and reveals the presence of a fifth novel KIR gene (mmKIRnewII) in the second haplotype of the rhesus macaque. While all known human haplotypes contain both activating and inhibitory KIR genes, only inhibitory KIR genes (characterized by long cytoplasmic tails) were found by in silico and cDNA analyses in the two primate haplotypes Studied here. Comparison of the two human and the two non-human primate haplotypes demonstrates rapid diversification of the KIR gene family members, many of which have diverged in a species-specific manner. An analysis of the intronic regions of the two non-human primates reveals the presence of ancient repeat elements, which are indicative of the duplication events that have taken place since the last common ancestor

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  2. WOS: 000226170900003

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