Total body CD4+ T cell dynamics in treated and untreated SIV infection revealed by in vivo imaging

Author:

Di Mascio, Michele

Srinivasula, Sharat

Kim, Insook

Duralde, Gorka

St Claire, Alexis

DeGrange, Paula

St Claire, Marisa

Reimann, Keith A

Gabriel, Erin E

Carrasquillo, Jorge

Reba, Richard C

Paik, Chang

Lane, Henry C
Author Address

AIDS Imaging Research Section, Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., NCI Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA., Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., NCI Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA., Battelle/Charles River-Integrated Research Facility, NIAID Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA., MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Radiology Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA., Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Radiopharmaceutical Laboratory, Nuclear Medicine, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,

Abstract:

The peripheral blood represents only a small fraction of the total number of lymphocytes in the body. To develop a more thorough understanding of T cell dynamics, including the effects of SIV/SHIV/HIV infection on immune cell depletion and immune reconstitution following combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), one needs to utilize approaches that allow direct visualization of lymphoid tissues. In the present study, noninvasive in vivo imaging of the CD4+ T cell pool has revealed that the timing of the CD4+ T cell pool reconstitution following initiation of ART in SIV-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) appears seemingly stochastic among clusters of lymph nodes within the same host. At 4 weeks following initiation or interruption of cART, the changes observed in peripheral blood (PB) are primarily related to changes in the whole-body CD4 pool rather than changes in lymphocyte trafficking. Lymph node CD4 pools in long-term antiretroviral-treated and plasma viral load-suppressed hosts appear suboptimally reconstituted compared with healthy controls, while splenic CD4 pools appear similar between the 2 groups.

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Author Address