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Direct visualization of HIV-1 entry: Mechanisms and role of cell surface receptors

  1. Author:
    Stauber, R. H.
    Shen, R. L.
    Palm, G.
    Tarasova, N. I.

  2. Author Address

    Tarasova NI NCI, Mol Aspects Drug Design Sect, ABL Basic Res Program, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA NCI, Mol Aspects Drug Design Sect, ABL Basic Res Program, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA NCI, Human Retrovirus Sect, ABL Basic Res Program, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA NCI, Prot Struct Sect, ABL Basic Res Program, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA
    1. Year: 1999
  2. Journal: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
    1. 258
    2. 3
    3. Pages: 695-702
  4. Type of Article: Article
  1. Abstract:

    Highly fluorescent virions of T- and M-tropic HIV-1 strains were obtained by incorporation of the viral accessory protein Vpr, fused to the green fluorescent protein, in trans. The fluorescent virions displayed normal morphology, were infectious, and could be used for direct visualization of HIV-1 attachment and trafficking in various cell lines. More than 90% of the viral particles were found to enter the cells by direct membrane fusion in T-cells, CD4+ HeLa cells, and macrophages, Visualizing HIV-1 attachment and entry in the absence or presence of CD4 and/or the appropriate coreceptors indicated that CD4 is the major receptor for virus attachment in the case of JR-CSF and NL-4-3 HIV-1 isolates; however, the coreceptors are required for membrane fusion. Internalization of the coreceptor CXCR4 inhibited entry, but did not prevent virus binding suggesting that transient downregulation of the coreceptor(s) may not be the most efficient way of blocking HIV infection in vivo. (C) 1999 Academic Press. [References: 50]

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