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Toward an AIDS vaccine: lessons from natural simian immunodeficiency virus infections of African nonhuman primate hosts

  1. Author:
    Sodora, D. L.
    Allan, J. S.
    Apetrei, C.
    Brenchley, J. M.
    Douek, D. C.
    Else, J. G.
    Estes, J. D.
    Hahn, B. H.
    Hirsch, V. M.
    Kaur, A.
    Kirchhoff, F.
    Muller-Trutwin, M.
    Pandrea, I.
    Schmitz, J. E.
    Silvestri, G.

  2. Author Address

    Else, James G.; Silvestri, Guido] Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sodora, Donald L.] Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Allan, Jonathan S.] SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Apetrei, Cristian, Pandrea, Ivona] Tulane Univ, Tulane Natl Primate Res Ctr, Covington, LA USA. [Apetrei, Cristian, Pandrea, Ivona] Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Vaccine Res, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Brenchley, Jason M.; Hirsch, Vanessa M.] NIAID, Mol Microbiol Lab, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Douek, Daniel C.] Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Estes, Jacob D.] US Natl Canc Inst, Frederick, MD USA. [Hahn, Beatrice H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Hahn, Beatrice H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Kaur, Amitinder] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, New England Primate Res Ctr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. [Kirchhoff, Frank] Univ Ulm, Inst Mol Virol, Ulm, Germany. [Muller-Trutwin, Michaela] Inst Pasteur, Unite Regulat Infect Retrovirales, Paris, France. [Schmitz, Joern E.] Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Div Viral Pathogenesis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Silvestri, Guido] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
    1. Year: 2009
  2. Journal: Nature Medicine
    1. 15
    2. 8
    3. Pages: 861-865
  4. Type of Article: Article
  1. Abstract:

    The design of an effective AIDS vaccine has eluded the efforts of the scientific community to the point that alternative approaches to classic vaccine formulations have to be considered. We propose here that HIV vaccine research could greatly benefit from the study of natural simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections of African nonhuman primates. Natural SIV hosts (for example, sooty mangabeys, African green monkeys and mandrills) share many features of HIV infection of humans, however, they usually do not develop immunodeficiency. These natural, nonprogressive SIV infections represent an evolutionary adaptation that allows a peaceful coexistence of primate lentiviruses and the host immune system. This adaptation does not result in reduced viral replication but, rather, involves phenotypic changes to CD4(+) T cell subsets, limited immune activation and preserved mucosal immunity, all of which contribute to the avoidance of disease progression and, possibly, to the reduction of vertical SIV transmission. Here we summarize the current understanding of SIV infection of African nonhuman primates and discuss how unraveling these evolutionary adaptations may provide clues for new vaccine designs that might induce effective immune responses without the harmful consequences of excessive immune activation. (C) 2009 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

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  2. DOI: 10.1038/nm.2013
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