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Phylogenetics, genome diversity and origin of modern leopard, Panthera pardus

  1. Author:
    Uphyrkina, O.
    Johnson, W. E.
    Quigley, H.
    Miquelle, D.
    Marker, L.
    Bush, M.
    O'Brien, S. J.

  2. Author Address

    NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Hornocker Wildlife Inst, Bozeman, MT 59719 USA. Cheetah Conservat Fund, Windhoek 9000, Namibia. Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. O'Brien SJ NCI, Lab Genom Divers, Frederick, MD 21702 USA.
    1. Year: 2001
  2. Journal: Molecular Ecology
    1. 10
    2. 11
    3. Pages: 2617-2633
  4. Type of Article: Article
  1. Abstract:

    Leopards, Panthera pardus, are widely distributed across southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The extent and phylogeographic patterns of molecular genetic diversity were addressed in a survey of 77 leopards from known geographical locales representing 13 of the 27 classical trinomial subspecies. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences (727 bp of NADH5 and control region) and 25 polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed abundant diversity that could be partitioned into a minimum of nine discrete populations, tentatively named here as revised subspecies: P. pardus pardus, P. p. nimr, P. p. saxicolor, P. p. fusca, P. p. kotiya, P. p. delacouri, P. p. japonensis, P. p. orientalis and P. p. melas. However, because of limited sampling of African populations, this may be an underestimate of modem phylogeographic population structure. Combined phylogeographic and population diversity estimates support an origin for modem leopard lineages 470000-825000 years ago in Africa followed by their migration into and across Asia more recently (170000- 300000 years ago). Recent demographic reductions likely have led to genetic impoverishment in P. p. orientalis and in the island subspecies P. p. kotiya.

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